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The Fleets
Westfal-Larsen & Co.
A/S Bergen, Norway 1905-2005
Hans Peter Westfal-Larsen born in 1872 learned the trade
by Rasmus F. Olsen Shipping Company for 16 years before he started his
ship owning activities in 1905 by purchasing his first ship the HARDANGER
built in Bergen and consolidated and incorporated his companies in 1918
as Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S.
In spite of Norway’s neutrality during World War I Westfal-Larsen & Co.
A/S lost 11 ships during this period, the s/s Prosper III being mined
on 6 June 1916 was one of most tragic losses for the Company, 29 lives
were lost.
The company has been engaged in the owning of tanker vessels, operated
liner services between North and South America and North America and
Europe as well as tramp vessels in world wide trade.
In 1921 a liner service ; the County Line was set up with three other
Bergen shipping companies to the East Coast of North America as well
as the Continent and in 1925 Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S started a service
between the West Coast of North America and around South America, bringing
timber and fruit south and returning with coffee.
In 1930 Interocean Line was established navigating between the West Coast
of North America and Europe via the Panama Canal and provided some passenger
accommodation on their cargo ships.
The Southern Cross Line between North and South America was established
in 1939 with the J. Ludwig Mowinckel Shipping Company also with some
passenger accommodation on their cargo ships.
The Company’s first tanker the MALMANGER was sunk during World
War I, a new MALMANGER was delivered in 1920, followed by the DAVANGER
in 1922, later followed the VARANGER and NORDANGER of 1925 built by the
Dutch shipbuilders Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam.
In 1939 a fleet of a dozen tankers was owned, several of which became
war casualties as well as most of the fleet of North and South Pacific
cargo ships. During World War II Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S lost 22
ships out of a fleet of 36 ships. In
1940 alone, 5 ships were lost and 54 crew members
perished at sea.
The fleet was rebuilt with a dozen new cargo ships and tankers with
the STORANGER of 33,000 dwt being delivered in 1959 from Rosenberg Mek.
Verksted, Stavanger being the biggest. The Interocean Line was re-established
after the war with standard ships C-1-A bought from US surplus. Flag
discrimination in South America towards the end of the fifties forced
Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S to leave the County Line in 1958 and the
Southern Cross Line was ended two years later. The Interocean Line stopped in 1970. The shipping company’s participation
in the traditional liner trade was over and Westfal-Larsen & Co.
A/S concentrated on bulkcarriers and tankers.
The bulk carriers were operated in the Star Shipping pool, Star Shipping,
was founded in 1961 and owned by two major ship-owners; Grieg Shipping
AS and Masterbulk Pte. Ltd., the latter wholly owned by the Westfal-Larsen
family. There was a 50% interest obtained in Odfjell Westfal-Larsen Tankers.
In 1989 a VLCC of 357,000 dwt was purchased and renamed SAMNANGER.
Presently in 2005 the company owns and manages chemical tankers, Open
Hatch bulk carriers and a very large LPG carrier from its main office
in Bergen, Norway.
The family shareholders also own and operate their 50% interest in
Star Shipping AS from Singapore. Star Shipping is a major participant
in handy size and open hatch type bulk carriers, focusing on industrial
shipping.
Westfal-Larsen Management AS was incorporated in 1996 as the result
of a demerger from Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S. The company has taken
over the whole staff and pension liabilities.
The main purpose of the Westfal-Larsen Management AS is to be a resource
base for other companies within the Westfal-Larsen Group as regards general
management, accounting, operation, technical management of ships and
new building projects.
Many thanks to Henk Jungerius and Ted Finch for his assistance in
collecting this data. The following list was extracted from various
sources. This is not an
all inclusive list but should only be used as a guide. If you would like
to know more about a vessel, visit the Ship
Descriptions (onsite) or Immigrant
Ship web site.
- Routes:
- San Francisco, Los Angeles, Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires,
Montevideo, Santos, Rio de Janeiro, Cristobal, Balboa, Los Angeles,
San Francisco. (1927).
- San Francisco, Los Angeles (Long Beach), Buenaventura, Guayaquil,
Callao, Arica, Antofagasta, Valparaiso, Buenos Aires, Montevideo,
Santos, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Recife, Sao Luiz, Para, Trinidad,
Barbados, La Guaira, Barranquilla, Cristobal, Central American
ports (Pacific coast), Los Angeles (Long Beach), San Francisco.
(1959).
- San Francisco, Los Angeles, Acapulco, Buenaventura, Guayaquil,
Callao, Valparaiso, Punta Arenas, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Santos,
Rio de Janeiro, Port of Spain, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cristobal,
Buenaventura, Los Angeles, San Francisco. (1970).
- Rotterdam, Panama Canal, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland,
Seattle, Vancouver. Return voyages: Vancouver, Seattle, Portland,
San Francisco, Los Angeles, Panama Canal, Le Havre, Antwerp,
Rotterdam, London (occasional calls) (Interocan Line). (1938).
| Vessel |
Built |
Years in Service |
Tons |
| Austanger (1) |
1942 |
built by Odense Staalskibsvaerft ved A.P. Möller,
Odense | Tanker, 1941 seized by Germans while building renamed Schleswig,
1945 returned in damaged conditon to owners, 1946 repaired in service
for WL, 1951 sold to AS Det Norske Saltverker, Bergen not renamed,
1957 laid up, 1960 scrapped. |
10,243 |
| Austanger (2) |
1964 |
built by Eriksberg Mek. Verksted, Gothenburg | Tanker,
1975 sold renamed Cuu Long II, 1988 sold renamed Galatia. |
19,980 |
| Austanger (3) |
1982 |
built by Daewoo H.I., Okpo | Tanker, 1990 sold to
S/A Storli, Norway renamed NCC Arar, 2000 to National Shipping Company
of Saudi Arabia same name. |
13,331 |
| Berganger (1) |
1932 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| 2nd June 1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-578 with
the loss of 4 lives. |
6,826 |
| Berganger (2) |
1950 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | 1969 sold
to China Navigation Co., (John
Swire) converted into a side door loader and renamed Shansi, 1977
sold to Panama renamed Yat Lee, 1978 scrapped. |
8,051 |
| Berganger (3) |
1974 |
built by Hakodate Dock, Hakodate | Bulkcarrier, 1977
sold to Anders Jahre renamed Jarilla 1984 sold renamed Captain George,
1985 sold renamed Nikolaos Karnessis, 1986 sold renamed Carina, 1990
sold renamed Nand Anant, 1998 sold renamed Zhen Hua 4. |
35,516 |
| Berganger (4) |
1980 |
built by Sarpsborg Mek Verkstad, Sarpborg | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Lancer, 2000 to Odfjell
ASA same name. |
19,882 |
| Brandanger (1) |
1929 |
built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen | 11th October
1940 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-48 with the loss of
6 lives. |
4,624 |
| Brandanger (2) |
1949 |
built by J.L. Thompson & Sons, Sunderland | 1964 sold
to Bugarian government renamed Alkaid, 1971 renamed Petar Beron,
2007 still existing at Varna as a stationary training ship. |
7,329 |
| Brimanger (1) |
1929 |
built by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Newcastle on
Tyne | 1959 sold to Olistim Navigation Co., Panama, renamed Helen,
1963 scrapped at Split. |
4,883 |
| Brimanger (2) |
1960 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1973 sold renamed Kanara Ampat, 21st April 1981 damaged by fire
and later scrapped. |
5,604 |
| Brimanger (3) |
1977 |
built by Stocznia Szczecinska, Szczecin | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Sirius, 1990 renamed
NCC Tihamah, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same
name. |
17,057 |
| Davanger (1) |
1888 |
built by J. Blumer & Co., Sunderland | 14th June 1915
sunk by German submarine. |
n/a |
| Davanger (2) |
1916 |
built by Union Iron Works Co. | 14th March 1917 sunk
by German submarine UB 27 northwest of Hoek van Holland. |
5,876 |
| Davanger (3) |
1922 |
built by Wm. Hamilton & Co., Port Glasgow | Tanker,
11th October 1940 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-48 with
the loss of 18 lives. |
7,102 |
| Davanger (4) |
1954 |
built by Lithgows Ltd., Port Glasgow | Tanker, 1965
sold renamed Louise, 1973 scrapped in Spain. |
11,827 |
| Davanger (5) |
1968 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads
AB, Malmo | Bulkcarrier, 1972 renamed Star Davanger, 1978 renamed
Star Sea, 1978 renamed Star Proteus, 1980 renamed Aeolian Carrier,
1988 renamed Marine Mistral, 1990 sold to Haugesund renamed Marine
Trader, 1992 scrapped at Hong Kong. |
16,585 |
| Eidanger (1) |
1938 |
built by J. Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland | Tanker,
24th February 1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-558. |
9,432 |
| Eidanger (2) |
1944 |
built by Pennsylvania Shipyards Inc., Beaumont, Texas
| ex- Cape Sebastian standard ship type C1-A built for United States
War Shipping Administration, 1947 purchased renamed Eidanger, 1965
sold to Skips-A/S Solhav (Johannes Solstad, Skudeneshavn), Bergen,
1966 renamed Solsyn, 1971 sold to Singapore Cosmos Shipping Co. Ltd.,
Singapore, 1972 renamed Goodyear, 1979 scrapped. |
5,226 |
| Eidanger (3) |
1969 |
built by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Uraga | ex- Singapore
Pride, 1977 purchased renamed Eidanger, 1983 sold to C.Y. Tung Group,
Hongkong renamed Cayambe, 1988 sold renamed Cay, 1988 scrapped at
Alang. |
11,208 |
| Evanger (1) |
1908 |
built by S.A. des Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee,
Le Havre | ex- Loiret, 1912 purchased renamed Evanger, 1916 sold
renamed Tosca, 1916 sold to Nilssen & Sonner, Norway renamed Braa,
1939 sold to R. Mithassel renamed Varangnes, 17th March 1941 sunk
in collision near Esbjerg. |
2,214 |
| Evanger (2) |
1920 |
built by Irvine's Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. Ltd.,
West Hartlepool | 1952 sold to Manners Nav. Co. Ltd., Hong Kong and
renamed San Jorge, 1955 sold to China Shippers Co. Ltd., Hong Kong
renamed Tokyo Breeze, 1957 sold to World Wide S.S. Co. Ltd., Hong
Kong renamed Golden Kappa, 1958 scrapped at Hong Kong. |
3,869 |
| Evanger (3) |
1955 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1972 sold to Sverre Amundsen, Haugesund renamed Ameta, 1972 sold
to Christian Haaland, Haugesund renamed Concorfia Ameta, 1979 scrapped. |
7,143 |
| Falkanger (1) |
1899 |
built by Wood, Skinner & Co., Newcastle | ex- Hirundo,
ex- Brynhild 1911, 1916 purchased renamed Falkanger, 1916 sold renamed
Ferro, 1924 sold renamed Franz Haubus, 1926 soldf renamed Oceanic,
1933 sold renamed Britannic, mined and sunk off Alborg. |
2,242 |
| Falkanger (2) |
1923 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1928 went missing with all hands in Gulf of Biscay. |
n/a |
| Falkanger (3) |
1943 |
built by Nakskov Skibsvaerft A/S, Nakskov | 1940 seized
by the Germans while building, completed as Kriegsmarine target ship
Wartheland, 1945 returned to WL., 1965 sold to M.J. Lemos Co. renamed
Forerunner, later scrapped. |
5,349 |
| Falkanger (4) |
1965 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Bulkcarrier,
1974 sold to Nilhat Shipping Co. Ltd., Calcutta, renamed Alexandra
N, 1986 scrapped at Calcutta. |
16,707 |
| Falkanger (5) |
1988 |
built by Korea Shipbuilding & Eng. Corp., Pusan |
Tanker, ex- Northern Cheetah, ex- Fort Cheetah 1988, 1989 purchased
renamed Falkanger, 1991 sold to Ceres Hellenic Shipping Enterprises,
Greece renamed Santa Anna, 2000 sold to Odfjell ASA renamed Bow Cheetah. |
22,637 |
| Fauskanger |
1965 |
built by Eriksberg Mek. Verksted, Gothenburg | 1980
sold renamed Medrock, 1987 scrapped at Gadani Beach. |
8,999 |
| Finnanger (1) |
1928 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| Tanker, 24th February 1942 torpedoed, later shelled and sunk by
German submarine U-158 with the loss of 40 lives. |
9,551 |
| Finnanger (2) |
1954 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Tanker,
1966 sold renamed Master Papalios, 1969 scrapped at Shanghai. |
10,601 |
| Finnanger (3) |
1975 |
built by Kaldnes Mek. Verksted A/S, Tönsberg | Tanker,
1985 sold to Van Ommeren, France renamed Port Blanc, 1997 sold renamed
Blanc, 2004-2005 deleted from Register. |
21,267 |
| Finnanger (4) |
1986 |
built by Korea Shipbuilding & Eng. Corp., Pusan |
Tanker, ex- Northern Puma, ex- Fort Puma 1988, 1989 purchased renamed
Finnanger, 1991 sold to Ceres Hellenic Shipping Enterprises, Greece
renamed Santa Maria, 2000 sold to Odfjell ASA renamed Bow Puma. |
22,714 |
| Fjellanger (1) |
1962 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske
Verksteder A/S, Bergen | Bulkcarrier, ex- Silja, 1965 purchased renamed
Fjellanger, 1972 renamed Star Fjellanger, 1977 sold renamed Star
Pride, 1984 sold renamed Stathis, 1984 scrapped at Qinhuangdao. |
14,834 |
| Fjellanger (2) |
1985 |
built by Astilleros Espanoles, Sestao | Tanker, ex-
Portela, ex- Northern Falcon 1988, 1989 purchased renamed Fjellanger,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Falcon, 1990 renamed
NCC Baha, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same
name. |
15,817 |
| Fossanger (1) |
1965 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Bulkcarrier,
1974 sold renamed Charisma N, 1989 scrapped. |
16,683 |
| Fossanger (2) |
1988 |
built by Korea Shipbuilding & Eng. Corp., Pusan |
Tanker, ex- Fort Wolf, ex- Northern Wolf 1988, 1989 purchased renamed
Fossanger. |
22,637 |
| Garibaldi |
1902 |
built by Stavanger Støberi & Dok, Stavanger | Built
for C. Mathisen, Bergen, 1939 sold renamed Liisa, 22nd June 1941
torpedoed and sunk by submarine. |
768 |
| Geiranger |
1907 |
built by Stavanger Støberi & Dok, Stavanger | 5th
August 1915 sunk by German submarine. |
1,081 |
| Grenanger (1) |
1939 |
built by Cantieri Navali del Quarnaro SA, Fiume |
11th April 1942 torpedoed shelled and sunk by German submarine U-130. |
5,393 |
| Grenanger (2) |
1944 |
built by Pennsylvania Shipyards Inc., Beaumont, Texas
| ex- Cape Falcon standard ship type C1-A built for United States
War Shipping Administration, 1946 purchased renamed Grenanger, 1962
sold to O. Vaboen renamed Hebjorn, 1966 sold to T.J. Falgout renamed
Galveston Merchant, 1968 sold renamed Indonesian Star, 1968 laid
up with engine trouble, 1969 scrapped. |
5,221 |
| Grenanger (3) |
1964 |
built by Eriksberg Mek. Verksted, Gothenburg | Tanker,
1975 sold renamed Cuu Long I, 1987 sold renamed Fal X, 1989 scrapped
at Alang. |
19,980 |
| Grenanger (4) |
1982 |
built by Daewoo H.I., Okpo | Tanker, 1990 sold to
S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Explorer, 1990 renamed NCC Asir, 2000
to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same name. |
13,331 |
| H. Westfal Larsen |
1950 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB,
Malmo | Tanker, 1962 renamed Heranger, 1965 charted to Lyle Shipping
renamed Cape Dalemos, 1967 renamed Heranger, 1969 sold to Astroneptuno
renamed Dalemos, 1971 sold to R. Vecchiati renamed Volos, 1972 scrapped
at Bilbao after engine damage. |
10,524 |
| Hallanger (1) |
1928 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| Tanker, 30th March 1943 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine
U-596. |
9,551 |
| Hallanger (2) |
1943 |
built by Kaiser Company, Swan Island Yard, Portland
| Tanker, ex- Mechanicsville standard ship type T2-SE-A1 built for
United States War Shipping Administration, 1948 purchased renamed
Hallanger, 1959 sold to Norwegian Government renamed Asato, 1961
converted into a bulk carrier 14,159gt renamed Ally, 1966 sold renamed
Victoria Faith, 1967 sold renamed Grand Trust, 1978 scrapped at Kaohsiung. |
10,448 |
| Hallanger (3) |
1960 |
built by Rosenberg Mek. Verksted, Stavanger | Tanker,
1973 sold renamed Rodosto, 1986 scrapped at Shanghai. |
20,440 |
| Hardanger (1) |
1905 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1922 sold to Rasmus F. Olsen, Norway renamed Fulton, 1960 scrapped
at Split. |
1,095 |
| Hardanger (2) |
1924 |
built by Lithgows Ltd., Port Glasgow | 1953 sold to
August Kjerland, Bergen renamed Hop, 1958 laid up, 1959 scrapped. |
4,000 |
| Hardanger (3) |
1954 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1969 sold renamed Antartico, 1976 sold renamed Punta Laura, 1980
sold renamed Sea Gull III, 1984 scrapped at Rio Grande. |
7,094 |
| Hardanger (4) |
1972 |
built by Moss Rosenberg Verft A/S, Moss | LPG carrier,
1988 sold renamed Norgas Voyager. |
6,823 |
| Haukanger (1) |
1958 |
built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen | Tanker, 1976
sold to Borgships Singapore Pte, Singapore renamed Rosborg and converted
into a livestock carrier, 1984 laid up, 1985 scrapped. |
13,133 |
| Haukanger (2) |
1982 |
built by Minami Nippon Zosen K.K. Usuki | ex- Dalanger
built for Bergdal Shipping Co., ex Petrobulk Ranger 1986, 1989 purchased
renamed Haukanger, 1991 sold to EAC Shipping Ltd A/S on behalf of
Dan Merchant Ltd, renamed Padea, managed by EAC, 1996 sold to Clarity
Ltd, Singapore renamed Clarity. |
16,949 |
| Heranger (1) |
1930 |
built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen | 1959 sold
to Societe Monegasque de Transports Maritimes, Monaco, renamed St.
Charles, 1963 scrapped at La Spezia. |
4,877 |
| Heranger (2) |
|
see H. Westfal Larsen. |
|
| Heranger (3) |
1968 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads
AB, Malmo | Bulkcarrier, 1972 renamed Star Heranger, 1978 sold renamed
Star East, 1979 sold renamed Star Perseus, 1981 sold renamed Star
Visayas, 1986 sold renamed Triad Pass Victory, 1986 scrapped at Kaohsiung. |
18,469 |
| Hindanger (1) |
1929 |
built by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Newcastle on
Tyne | 11th September 1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine
U-584 with the loss of 1 life. |
4,885 |
| Hindanger (2) |
1943 |
built by Pennsylvania Shipyards Inc., Beaumont, Texas
| ex- Cape Constantine standard ship type C1-A built for United States
War Shipping Administration, 1946 purchased renamed Hindanger, 1961
sold to Wilhelm Wilhelmsen renamed
Tampa, 1967 sold to Philippines renamed Manuel Quezon, 1968 renamed
President Quirino, 1975 renamed Lucky Eight, 1975 scrapped. |
5,221 |
| Hosanger (1) |
1911 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 27th January 1940 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-20. |
1,591 |
| Hosanger (2) |
1958 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | 1976 sold
to Venezuela renamed General Paez, 1988 scrapped at Kaohsiung. |
9,709 |
| Hosanger (3) |
|
see Star Hosanger. |
|
| Hoyanger (1) |
1926 |
built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen | 1958 sold
to Ole T. Flakke, Kristiansund Norway renamed Orkla, 1961 scrapped. |
4,624 |
| Hoyanger (2) |
1959 |
built by Nederlandse Dok & Scheepsbouw Maatschappij,
Amsterdam | 1974 sold to Arne Teigens Rederi/Bruusgaard Kiøsteruds
Rederi, Drammen renamed Hermion, sold several times without name
change, 1983 scrapped at Huangpu. |
9,477 |
| Jamaica |
1892 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| Built for A. Halvorsen, Bergen 1st January 1915 wrecked in storm. |
718 |
| Kaupanger (1) |
1890 |
built by Charles J. Bigger, Foyle Yard, Londonderry
| ex- Parkmore built for Johnston
Line not renamed, 1897 to Elder
Dempster, 1898 sold to Manchester
Liners, renamed Manchester Trader, 1913 sold to J. Johanson & Co.,
Norway renamed Ferdinand Melsom, 1914 purchased renamed Kaupanger,
13th December 1916 sunk off Cartagena by German U-Boat U-38. |
3,318 |
| Kaupanger (2) |
1930 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1948 sold to J.M. Johannesen renamed Fossli, 1952 sold to Skibs
A/S Selvik (manager Einer Wahlstrom, Oslo), renamed Selnes, 1952
sold to Rederi A/B East Sea (manager Carl Helin, Mariehamn, Finland),
renamed Sälsö, 1959 sold to K. Kahre renamed Helga, 1961 sold to
E.P. Panas renamed Spartia, 1963 sold to Karmiris Bros & K Mouzakia,
Piraeus, Greece, renamed Rosita K, 1st March 1963 ran aground near
Kunduz Dere, Turkish Black Sea coast when on a voyage from Constantza
to Marseilles. Declared a total loss in 1964. |
1,584 |
| Kaupanger (3) |
1960 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Tanker,
1975 sold to Liberia renamed Chemical Challenger, 25th December 1981
damaged in explosion and sank under tow. |
12,862 |
| Kaupanger (4) |
1981 |
built by Ankerlokken Verft
Floro A/S, Floro | Tanker, 1981 renamed Mauranger, 1990 sold to S/A
Storli, Norway renamed Bow Viking, 2000 to Odfjell ASA same name. |
18,715 |
| Kent County |
1943 |
built by Permanente Metals Corporation, Richmond |
ex- Edward A. Macdowell, standardship type Liberty built for United
States War Shipping Administration, 1947 purchased renamed Kent County,
1958 sold to Gibson Shipping Co., Macao, Panamanian flag renamed
Gibson, 1959 renamed Twin Fox, 1960 sold to Great Southern SS Co.,
Hong Kong same name, 1961 sold to Mutual Shipping Co. Panamanian
flag (Gibson Shpg Co., Macao) not renamed, 1967 scrapped. |
7,176 |
| Langanger |
1930 |
built by R. Duncan & Co., Port Glasgow | Tanker, 1940-42
interned in Vichy controlled North and West Africa, 1941 requisitioned
in Oran and taken over by Kriegsmarine in Marseilles in 1942 and
operated by Mittelmeer Reederei GmbH under the name Toni III, 1944
scuttled at Port de Bouc, 1947 raised sold to Roger de Perrot & A.
Bourquin, Neuenburg, repaired at Marseilles renamed Neuchatel on
1950 under Swiss flag. Ownership transferred to Roger de Perrot,
Neuchatel in 1954, 1954 sold to Hugo Stinnes Transozean Schiffahrts
GmbH, Hamburg, and renamed Transozean Hugo Stinnes, 1961 scrapped
at Bilbao. |
9,215 |
| Leikanger (1) |
1916 |
built by R. Thompson, Southwick, Sunderland | 8th
May 1917 sunk by German submarine near Machichoco LH. |
n/a |
| Leikanger (2) |
1923 |
built by Lithgows Ltd., Port Glasgow | 27th July 1942
torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-752 with the loss of 18
lives. |
4,003 |
| Leikanger (3) |
1958 |
built by Nagoya Zosen, Nagoya | Tanker, 1965 sold
to Mil Tankrederi A/S, Oslo and renamed Norsk Barde, 1969 sold to
Svend Foyn Bruuns Rederi, Tønsberg, renamed Petunia, 1969 scrapped. |
13,407 |
| Lovli |
1916 |
built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Nagasaki
| ex- Yvone Maru, ex- Lovli 1916 1916 purchased from A/S Gilberts
Rederi II (W.Gilbert), Bergen, 11th October 1917 torpedoed and sunk
by German submarine near Savona. |
7,212 |
| Malmanger (1) |
1910 |
built by Sunderland Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Sunderland
| 1915 sold to Johs. Lindvig, Kragerø, renamed Tiro, 1916 sold to
A/S Gonvik (Christensen & Paulsen), Sandefjord. 29th December 1917
sunk by German submarine northwest of Lizard Point. |
1,442 |
| Malmanger (2) |
1916 |
built by Chester Shipbuilding Corp., Chester | Tanker,
23rd March 1917 mined and sunk near Fastnet. |
5,671 |
| Malmanger (3) |
1920 |
built by J. Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland | Tanker,
9th August 1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-130 with
the loss of 18 lives. |
7,078 |
| Malmanger (4) |
1950 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Tanker,
1965 sold to J. Chen, Liberia renamed Grand Integrity, 1977 scrapped. |
10,524 |
| Malmanger (5) |
1968 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads
AB, Malmo | Bulkcarrier, 1972 renamed Star Malmanger, 1978 sold to
Liberia renamed Star Oasis, 1979 sold to Greece renamed Star Theseus,
1981 sold to the Philippines renamed Star Mindanao, 1986 scrapped
at Yantai. |
18,470 |
| Mauranger (1) |
1906 |
built by Stavanger Støberi & Dok, Stavanger | 1916
disappeared without a trace. |
1,024 |
| Mauranger (2) |
1948 |
built by Oderi Teri Orlando, La Spezia | 1954 sold
to Jebsens Rederi A/S renamed Korsnes, 1966 sold to Naftiliaki Etairea
Macchi SA, Greece renamed Elpis, 1967 grounded during heavy weather,
declared total loss and laid up, 1975 scrapped. |
2,474 |
| Mauranger (3) |
|
see Kaupanger (4) |
|
| Mauranger (4) |
1995 |
built by Minami Nippon Zosen K.K. Usuki | Tanker,
ex- Bow Tribute, 2001 purchased renamed Mauranger |
22,637 |
| Moldanger (1) |
1933 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| 27th June 1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-404 with
the loss of 23 lives. |
6,827 |
| Moldanger (2) |
1950 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | 1970 sold
to China Navigation Co., (John
Swire) converted into a side door loader and renamed Soochow, 1977
sold to Panama renamed Yat Shing, 1979 scrapped. |
8,055 |
| Moldanger (3) |
1975 |
built by Hakodate Dock, Hakodate | Bulkcarrier, 1977
sold to A/S Uglands Rederi, Norway renamed Favorita, 1985 renamed
Sirena I, 1989 renamed Sirena, 1996 sold renamed Seg Christine, 1999
scrapped at Xinhui. |
35,512 |
| Moldanger (4) |
1997 |
built by Minami Nippon Zosen K.K. Usuki | Tanker,
ex- Bow Triton, 2001 purchased renamed Moldanger. |
25,707 |
| Nordanger (1) |
1896 |
built by Wm. Doxford & Sons, Sunderland | ex- Norman
Isles built for A/S Norman Isles (Wilh.Wilhelmsen),
Tonsberg, ex- Walcheren 1910, 1916 purchased from Wm. Ruys & Co.
renamed Nordanger, 1919 disappeared at sea. |
3,455 |
| Nordanger (2) |
1925 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| Tanker, 1951 sold to Compania Maritima Panmar SA of Panama, Panama,
and renamed San Salvador, 1959 scrapped at Split. |
9,297 |
| Nordanger (3) |
1955 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1968 sold to Ivarans Rederi renamed Savannah, 1975 sold to Singapore
same name, 1980 scrapped. |
7,122 |
| Nordanger (4) |
1976 |
built by Stocznia Szczecinska, Szczecin | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Selene, 1990 renamed
NCC Madinah, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same
name, 2006 scrapped as Diana. |
17,056 |
| Nordanger (5) |
1992 |
built by Hyundai Heavy Industries Company Ltd., Ulsan
| LPG tanker, ex- Baltic Flame, 2001 purchased renamed Nordanger,
2007 sold to Varun Shipping, India renamed Maharshi Bhardwaj. |
43,635 |
| Ole Bull |
1901 |
built by Wood, Skinner & Co., Newcastle | Built for
C. Mathisen, Bergen, 11th January 1917 mined and sunk in North Sea. |
1,835 |
| Orkanger (1) |
1928 |
built by Ateliers et Chantiers de la Seine Maritime
Worms & Co., Le Trait | Tanker, 12th June 1940 torpedoed and damaged
by Italian submarine Naiade and sunk by Italian submarine Nereide
with the loss of 5 lives. |
8,030 |
| Orkanger (2) |
1955 |
built by Lithgows Ltd., Port Glasgow | Tanker, 1968
sold to Sonap Maritima Ltd., Lisbon, renamed Bayete, 1974 scrapped
at Faslane. |
11,817 |
| Orkanger (3) |
1970 |
built by Nylands Mek. Verksted, Oslo | Tanker, 1990
sold to S/A Storli, Norway not renamed, 1992 renamed Stainless Orkanger,
1992 renamed Stainless Fighter, 1996 sold renamed Queen of Ouchy,
1997 sold renamed Bahamas, 1999 sold renamed Orient Flower, 1999
renamed TBN, 2000 renamed Orient Flower, 2003 scrapped being damaged
before. |
13,003 |
| Porsanger (1) |
1918 |
built by Canadian Vickers Co. Ltd., Montreal | 1953
sold to I/S Oretrade, Oslo renamed Orkla, 1954 sold to Flakkes Rederi
A/S, Kristiansund not renamed, 27th January 1957 ashore near Buholmrasa
lighthouse, northern Norway when on voyage from Narvik to Middlesbrough
with a cargo of iron ore, broke in two and afterpart sank in deep
water the next day, forepart sold for breaking up. |
4,267 |
| Porsanger (2) |
1958 |
built by Nederlandse Dok & Scheepsbouw Maatschappij,
Amsterdam | 1972 sold to Lebanon renamed Senior K, 1976 scrapped
at San Esteban de Pravia. |
7,300 |
| Porsanger (3) |
1976 |
built by Stocznia Szczecinska, Szczecin | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Saturn, 1990 renamed
NCC Jouf, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same
name, 2006 scrapped at Alang as Atria. |
17,056 |
| Prosper III |
1912 |
built by Sunderland Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., Sunderland
| 6th June 1916 struck a mine and sank in the Bay of Biscay with
the loss of 29 lives. |
4,297 |
| Ravnanger (1) |
1919 |
built by C. van der Giessen & Zonen, Krimpen aan den
IJssel | 11th November 1940 bombed and sunk by German aircraft with
the loss of 1 life. |
3,373 |
| Ravnanger (2) |
1942 |
built by Pennsylvania Shipyards Inc., Beaumont, Texas
| ex- Cape St. George standard ship type C1-A built for United States
War Shipping Administration, 1946 purchased renamed Ravnanger, 1962
sold renamed Nopal Verde, 1966 sold renamed Subic Bay, 1973 scrapped. |
5,221 |
| Ravnanger (3) |
1963 |
built by Eriksberg Mek. Verksted, Gothenburg | 1978
sold renamed Saronic Sea, 25th September 1980 shelled at Fao and
lost. |
8,999 |
| Ravnanger (4) |
1991 |
built by Jos. L. Meyer, Papenburg | LPG tanker, ex-
Salacgriva, 1991 purchased from AKP Sovcomflot renamed Ravnanger,
1998 sold to A.P. Moller renamed Niels Maersk, 2006 sold renamed
Antarcticgas. |
11,822 |
| Reinanger |
1990 |
built by Jos. L. Meyer, Papenburg | LPG tanker, ex-
Sloka, ex- Anne Laure 1993, 1997 purchased rename Reinanger, 1998
sold to A.P. Moller renamed Nelly Maersk, 2003 sold to S.A. Monegasque
dÁdministration Maritime et Aerienne (SAMAMA) renamed Northumberland. |
11,822 |
| Risanger (1) |
|
see Tananger. |
|
| Risanger (2) |
1951 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | 1971 sold
to Arne Teignes Rederi, Egersund, renamed Rytterfjell, 1976 sold
to Piræus, Greece renamed Tofalos G, 1980 scrapped in Taiwan. |
8,044 |
| Risanger (3) |
1976 |
built by Stocznia Szczecinska, Szczecin | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Sirius, 1990 renamed
NCC Najran, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same
name, later scrapped. |
16,890 |
| Risanger (4) |
1991 |
built by Jos. L. Meyer, Papenburg | LPG tanker, ex-
Saulkrasti, 1991 purchased from AKP Sovcomflot renamed Risanger,
1998 sold to A.P. Moller renamed Maersk Scotland, 2007 sold to Live
Oak Co. Ltd, Man renamed Caribana, 2008 sold to Posavina Shipping
Inc., Panama renamed Andesgas. |
11,822 |
| Samnanger (1) |
1895 |
built by David Rowan & Son, Glasgow | ex- Den of Airlee
built for SS Den of Airlie Co. Ltd (C. Barrie & Son), Dundee, ex-
Vasco da Gama 1911, 1915 purchased from Chr. Nielsen & Co., Larvik
renamed Samnanger, 1916 sold to K. Th. Einersen, Kristiania renamed
Bestum, 12th August 1917 sunk by shelling from a German submarine
U-93. |
3,520 |
| Samnanger (2) |
1918 |
built by Canadian Vickers Co. Ltd., Montreal | 12th
February 1940 torpedoed shelled and sunk by German submarine U-99
and lost with all hands. |
4,276 |
| Samnanger (3) |
1963 |
built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen | Tanker, 1973
sold to Vaboens Rederi A/S Kristiansand renamed Herborg, 1976 sold
to K/S A/S Balder Tank - P. Augustsson, Kristiansand renamed Balder
Borg, 1979 sold to Liberia renamed Thracian Shirley, 1981 sold renamed
Balder Borg, 1982 sold to Panama renamed Thracian Shirley, 1983 scrapped
at Chittagong. |
33,924 |
| Samnanger (4) |
1976 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Tanker,
ex- Wind Enterprise, ex- W. Enterprise 1985, ex- Happy Enterprise
1986, 1988 purchased renamed Samnanger, 1992 sold renamed Pollux,
1995 sold renamed Jahre Pollux, 2002 sold renamed Tian San, 2003
scrapped at Chittagong. |
168,380 |
| Sandanger (1) |
1938 |
built by J. Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland | Tanker,
12th May 1943 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-221 with the
loss of 20 lives. |
9,432 |
| Sandanger (2) |
1951 |
built by Akers Mek. Verksted, Oslo | 18th May 1964
damaged by fire, beached, wreck scrapped, 11 crew members lost their
lives in the accident. |
5,624 |
| Siranger (1) |
1939 |
built by Cantieri Navali del Quarnaro SA, Fiume |
24th October 1943 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-155. |
5,393 |
| Siranger (2) |
1944 |
built by Pennsylvania Shipyards Inc., Beaumont, Texas
| ex- Cape River standard ship type C1-A built for United States
War Shipping Administration, ex Narvik 1944, 1946 purchased renamed
Siranger, 1955 sold to Montemar renamed Nortemar, 1978 scrapped at
Karachi. |
5,221 |
| Siranger (3) |
1960 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske Verksteder A/S, Bergen
| 1977 sold to Panama renamed Min Chiang, 1983 scrapped. |
7,128 |
| Spinanger (1) |
1927 |
built by F. Schickau GmbH, Elbing | Tanker, 1955 sold
to Lorentzen & Co. (manager Lorentzen's Rederi Co, Oslo), and renamed
Mary Stove, 1957 laid up at Tønsberg, 1960 sold to Belgian breakers
and arrived Bruges on February 21st 1960 to be broken up. |
7,429 |
| Spinanger (2) |
1958 |
built by J. L. Thompson & Son, Sunderland | Tanker,
1970 sold to John Hudson Fuel & Oil Shipping, London, renamed Hudson
Trader, 1973 sold to Andros Trading Ltd., Piræus, renamed Konstantinos
G. Chimples, 1977 renamed Pelineon, 1978 sold to Universal Glow Inc.,
Monrovia, renamed Toplou Bay, 1978 sold to Greece same name, 1979
sold to Skopelos Shipping Corp., Monrovia renamed Skopelos, 1983
sold to Astakos Shipping Corp. S. A. Piræus, renamed Theodosia V,
1983 scrapped at Castellon. |
12,617 |
| Spinanger (3) |
1977 |
built by Stocznia Szczecinska, Szczecin | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Stellar, 1990 renamed
NCC Yamamah, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same
name, 2006 sold to Star Tankers, Norway renamed NCC Yamamah. |
17,057 |
| Star Altanger |
1986 |
built by Kurushima Dock Co., Kurushima | Bulkcarrier,
ex- New York Rainbow, ex- Star New York 1989, ex- Northern Dawn 1991,
1996 purchased renamed Star Altanger. |
20,125 |
| Star Austanger |
1985 |
built by Sanoyas Corp., Mizushima | Bulkcarrier, ex-
Anthony Rainbow, 1992 purchased renamed Star Austanger, |
20,915 |
| Star Davanger (1) |
|
see Davanger (5) |
|
| Star Davanger (2) |
1978 |
built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier,
ex- Star Enterprise, ex- Star Denver 1985, 1989 purchased renamed
Star Davanger. |
23,796 |
| Star Djervanger |
1978 |
built by Mitsui Zosen K.K. | Bulkcarrier, ex- Star
World, 1989 purchased renamed Star Djervanger |
23,796 |
| Star Drivanger |
1978 |
built by Mitsui Zosen K.K. | Bulkcarrier, ex- Star
Hong Kong, 1992 purchased renamed Star Drivanger, 2007 sold renamed
Norwich Castle. |
27,735 |
| Star Drottanger |
1978 |
built by Mitsui Zosen K.K. | Bulkcarrier, ex- Star
Magnate, 1992 purchased renamed Star Drottanger. |
27,735 |
| Star Evanger |
1984 |
built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier,
ex- Lily Star, ex- Birdie 1987, ex- Celestine 1989, 1990 purchased
renamed Star Evanger. |
30,163 |
| Star Fjellanger |
|
see Fjellanger (1) |
|
| Star Geiranger |
1986 |
built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier |
27,972 |
| Star Grindanger |
1986 |
built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier |
27,972 |
| Star Hardanger |
1995 |
built by Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier |
34,364 |
| Star Heranger (1) |
|
see Heranger (3) |
|
| Star Heranger (2) |
1995 |
built by Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier |
34,364 |
| Star Hosanger |
1995 |
built by Daewoo Heavy Industries
Ltd. | Bulkcarrier, renamed Hosanger |
34,364 |
| Star Hoyanger |
1995 |
built by Daewoo Heavy Industries Ltd. | Bulkcarrier |
34,364 |
| Star Langanger |
1986 |
built by Hyundai Shipbuilding & Heavy Ind. Ltd. |
Bulkcarrier, ex- Geliga, ex- Hawtshorn Hill 1986, 1989 purchased
renamed Star Langanger. |
29,275 |
| Star Leikanger |
1986 |
built by Hyundai Shipbuilding & Heavy Ind. Ltd. |
Bulkcarrier, ex- Gemar, ex- Wisteria Hill 1986, ex- Maritime Wisdom
1987, 1989 purchased renamed Star Leikanger. |
29,275 |
| Star Malmanger |
|
see Malmanger (5) |
|
| Star Siranger |
1991 |
built by Imbari Zosen K.K. | Bulkcarrier, ex- T.S.
Adventure, 1993 purchased renamed Star Siranger. |
11,878 |
| Star Skoganger |
1977 |
built by Hyundai Shipbuilding & Heavy Ind. Ltd. |
Bulkcarrier, ex- Aldebaran, ex- Khalij Enterprise 1977, ex- Aldebaran
1978, ex- Petraia 1986, 1989 purchased renamed Star Skoganger, 2003
sold renamed Kent Navigator. |
12,804 |
| Star Taranger |
|
see Taranger (3) |
|
| Star Trondanger |
|
see Trondanger (2) |
|
| Storanger (1) |
1930 |
built by R. Duncan & Co., Port Glasgow | Tanker, 1957
sold to Calibris Nav. Co., Liberia, and renamed Calibris, 1959 sold
to Eckhardt & Co. GmbH and arrived at Hamburg on May 17th 1959 to
be broken up. |
9,223 |
| Storanger (2) |
1959 |
built by Rosenberg Mek. Verksted, Stavanger | Tanker,
1969 sold to Astir Nav. Co. Ltd., Famagusta renamed Anson, 1980 sold
to International Shipholding S.A., Panama, renamed Coral George,
1980 sold to Everest Oil Pte. Ltd., Panama, renamed Celeste, 1981
sold to Helsal Product Carriers S.A., Panama, renamed Jaya Mulio,
1983 scrapped. |
20,440 |
| Tananger (1) |
1921 |
built by W. Pickersgill & Sons Ltd., Sunderland |
ex- Hisko, ex- Huftero, 1923 purchased renamed Tananger, 1934 sold
renamed Labelle Country, 1939 repurchased renamed Risanger, 27.12.1940
torpedoed, shelled and sunk by German submarine U-65. |
5,455 |
| Tananger (2) |
n/a |
built by A/S Bergen Mek. Verksted, Bergen |
n/a |
| Taranger (1) |
1930 |
built by Burmeister & Wain, Copenhagen | 3rd May 1941
shelled, torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-95 with the loss
of 2 lives. |
4,873 |
| Taranger (2) |
1940 |
built by Bremer Vulkan, Vegesack | ex- Ulanga built
for Deutsche Ost Afrika Linie AG,
Hamburg, 1945 allocated to Norway renamed Stornes, 1947 purchased
from Norwegian Government renamed Taranger, 1966 sold to Plate Shipping
Co., Panama and renamed Plate Ranger, 1969 scrapped. |
6,940 |
| Taranger (3) |
1969 |
built by Bergens Mekaniske
Verksteder A/S, Bergen | Bulkcarrier, 1972 renamed Star Taranger,
1978 sold to Liberia renamed Star Najd, 1980 sold to Greece renamed
Star Orpheus, 1981 sold to the Philippines renamed Star Luzon, 1985
renamed San Juan Victory, 1990 sold renamed Med Carrara, 1994 scrapped
in India. |
18,470 |
| Torvanger (1) |
1920 |
built by Wm Doxford & Sons, Sunderland | 23rd June
1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-84 with the loss of
4 lives. |
6,568 |
| Torvanger (2) |
1955 |
built by J. L. Thompson & Son, Sunderland | Tanker,
1968 sold to Liberia renamed Efstathios, 1973 scrapped. |
12,579 |
| Torvanger (3) |
1976 |
built by Stocznia Szczecinska, Szczecin | Tanker,
1990 sold to S/A Storli, Norway renamed Bow Saint, 1990 renamed NCC
Jizan, 2000 to National Shipping Company of Saudi Arabia same name. |
17,057 |
| Trondanger (1) |
1932 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| 1952 sold to "Mare Nostrum" SpA, Genoa, Italy, renamed Punta Ronco,
1965 sold to Italian breakers and arrived Spezia and scrapped. |
6,826 |
| Trondanger (2) |
1975 |
built by Sanoyasu, Osaka
| Bulkcarrier, ex- Atlantic Rainbow, ex- Iran Bandar 1977, ex- Atlantic
Rainbow 1979, 1989 purchased renamed Trondanger, 1989 renamed Star
Trondanger, 2002 scrapped at Qingdao. |
16,585 |
| Varanger (1) |
1925 |
built by Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Mij., Amsterdam
| 12th January 1942 torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-130. |
9,305 |
| Varanger (2) |
1954 |
built by Kockums Mek Verkstads AB, Malmo | Tanker,
1968 sold to Monaco renamed Rougebrune, 1976 scrapped. |
10,590 |
| Varanger (3) |
1974 |
built by Kaldnes Mek. Verksted A/S, Tönsberg | Tanker,
1984 sold renamed Faith, 1987 sold renamed Faith I, 1991 sold renamed
Alice G, 1991 sold renamed Seafriend, 1997 sold renamed Akti A, 2001
sold to Bergesen D.Y. ASA, Norway renamed Norna, 2006 scrapped. |
22,280 |
| Venezia |
1905 |
1905 wrecked |
n/a |
| Villanger (1) |
1929 |
built by Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., Newcastle on
Tyne | 1955 sold to Harbour Line Ltd, London and renamed Castle Harbour,
1959 scrapped at Hong Kong. |
4,884 |
| Villanger (2) |
1958 |
built by J. L. Thompson & Son, Sunderland | 1974 sold
to Arne Teigens Rederi A/S, Egersund (Bruusgaard Kiøsterud Skips-A/S),
renamed Ryttervik, 1976 renamed Hai Hing, 1977 taken over by p/r
Ryttervik (Thoresen International), Egersund, 1979 sold to Lugar
S.A., Panama not renamed, 1980 sold to Selco Hong kong Ltd., Hong
Kong same name, 1981 scrapped. |
9,348 |
| Villanger (3) |
1969 |
built by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Uraga | ex- Singapore
Triumph, 1976 purchased renamed Villanger, 1983 sold to C.Y. Tung
Group, Hongkong renamed Cotopaxi, 1992 scrapped at Chittagong. |
11,208 |
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